The Archive Query Log: Mining Millions of Search Result Pages of Hundreds of Search Engines from 25 Years of Web Archives

The Archive Query Log (AQL) is a previously unused, comprehensive query log collected at the Internet Archive over the last 25 years. Its first version includes 356 million queries, 166 million search result pages, and 1.7 billion search results across 550 search providers. Although many query logs have been studied in the literature, the search providers that own them generally do not publish their logs to protect user privacy and vital business data. Of the few query logs publicly available, none combines size, scope, and diversity. The AQL is the first to do so, enabling research on new retrieval models and (diachronic) search engine analyses. Provided in a privacy-preserving manner, it promotes open research as well as more transparency and accountability in the search industry.Comment: SIGIR 2023 resource paper, 13 page

Anastrozole versus tamoxifen for the prevention of locoregional and contralateral breast cancer in postmenopausal women with locally excised ductal carcinoma in situ (IBIS-II DCIS): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial

Background Third-generation aromatase inhibitors are more effective than tamoxifen for preventing recurrence in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive invasive breast cancer. However, it is not known whether anastrozole is more effective than tamoxifen for women with hormone-receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Here, we compare the efficacy of anastrozole with that of tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive DCIS. Methods In a double-blind, multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women who had been diagnosed with locally excised, hormone-receptor-positive DCIS. Eligible women were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio by central computer allocation to receive 1 mg oral anastrozole or 20 mg oral tamoxifen every day for 5 years. Randomisation was stratified by major centre or hub and was done in blocks (six, eight, or ten). All trial personnel, participants, and clinicians were masked to treatment allocation and only the trial statistician had access to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was all recurrence, including recurrent DCIS and new contralateral tumours. All analyses were done on a modified intention-to-treat basis (in all women who were randomised and did not revoke consent for their data to be included) and proportional hazard models were used to compute hazard ratios and corresponding confidence intervals. This trial is registered at the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN37546358. Results Between March 3, 2003, and Feb 8, 2012, we enrolled 2980 postmenopausal women from 236 centres in 14 countries and randomly assigned them to receive anastrozole (1449 analysed) or tamoxifen (1489 analysed). Median follow-up was 7·2 years (IQR 5·6–8·9), and 144 breast cancer recurrences were recorded. We noted no statistically significant difference in overall recurrence (67 recurrences for anastrozole vs 77 for tamoxifen; HR 0·89 [95% CI 0·64–1·23]). The non-inferiority of anastrozole was established (upper 95% CI <1·25), but its superiority to tamoxifen was not (p=0·49). A total of 69 deaths were recorded (33 for anastrozole vs 36 for tamoxifen; HR 0·93 [95% CI 0·58–1·50], p=0·78), and no specific cause was more common in one group than the other. The number of women reporting any adverse event was similar between anastrozole (1323 women, 91%) and tamoxifen (1379 women, 93%); the side-effect profiles of the two drugs differed, with more fractures, musculoskeletal events, hypercholesterolaemia, and strokes with anastrozole and more muscle spasm, gynaecological cancers and symptoms, vasomotor symptoms, and deep vein thromboses with tamoxifen. Conclusions No clear efficacy differences were seen between the two treatments. Anastrozole offers another treatment option for postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive DCIS, which may be be more appropriate for some women with contraindications for tamoxifen. Longer follow-up will be necessary to fully evaluate treatment differences

Overview of Touché 2023: Argument and Causal Retrieval

International audienc

DLR Project Digital-X: towards virtual aircraft design and flight testing based on high-fidelity methods

Numerical simulation is already an important cornerstone for aircraft design, although the application of highly accurate methods is mainly limited to the design point. To meet future technical, economic and social challenges in aviation, it is essential to simulate a real aircraft at an early stage, including all multidisciplinary interactions covering the entire flight envelope, and to have the ability to provide data with guaranteed accuracy required for development and certification. However, despite the considerable progress made there are still significant obstacles to be overcome in the development of numerical methods, physical modeling, and the integration of different aircraft disciplines for multidisciplinary analysis and optimization of realistic aircraft configurations. At DLR, these challenges are being addressed in the framework of the multicisciplinary project Digital-X (4/2012 - 12/2015). This paper provides an overview of the project objectives and presents first results on enhanced disciplinary methods in aerodynamics and stuctural analysis, the development of efficient reduced order methods for load analysis, the development of a multidisciplinary optimization process based on a multi-level/variable-fidelity approach, as well as the development and application of multidisciplinary methods for the analysis of maneuver loads

"DLR-Projekt Digital-X" Auf dem Weg zur virtuellen Flugzeugentwicklung und Flugerprobung auf Basis höherwertiger Verfahren

Die numerische Simulation stellt schon heute einen wichtigen Eckpfeiler im Flugzeugentwurf dar, obwohl der Einsatz hochgenauer Verfahren im Wesentlichen bisher noch auf den Entwurfspunkt beschränkt ist. Um den zukünftigen technischen, wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen in der Luftfahrt begegnen zu können, wird es unverzichtbar sein, ein reales Flugzeug einschließlich aller multidisziplinären Wechselwirkungen im gesamten Flugbereich frühzeitig im Rechner zu simulieren oder entwicklungs- und zulassungsrelevante Daten mit garantierter Genauigkeit erstellen zu können. Trotz der bisher erzielten Fortschritte sind hierzu allerdings noch wesentliche Hürden im Bereich der Entwicklung numerischer Verfahren, der physikalischen Modellierung sowie der Zusammenführung der verschiedenen Flugzeugdisziplinen zur multidisziplinären Analyse und Optimierung für realistische Flugzeugkonfigurationen zu nehmen. Im DLR werden diese Herausforderungen im Rahmen des multidisziplinären Projektes Digital-X (4/2012-12/2015) angenommen. In diesem Übersichtsbeitrag werden neben der Zielsetzung des Projektes erste Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der weiterentwickelten disziplinären Verfahren in der Aerodynamik und der Strukturdynamik, der Entwicklung effizienter Methoden reduzierter Ordnung zu Lastanalyse, der Entwicklung eines multidisziplinären Optimierungsprozesses auf Basis eines "Multi-Level/Variable-Fidelity"-Ansatzes sowie der Entwicklung und Anwendung von multidisziplinären Verfahren zur Analyse von Manöverlasten gezeigt